584 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
584 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
# 数据库设计（PostgreSQL + Redis）- ImageForge
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目标：支撑“网站 + 对外 API + 计费”的核心数据闭环，并为后续实现提供可迁移的表结构参考。
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相关口径：
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- 产品范围：`docs/prd.md`
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- 计费与用量：`docs/billing.md`
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- 安全：`docs/security.md`
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---
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## 1. 概述
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### 1.1 技术选型
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- **PostgreSQL**：系统真相来源（用户/任务/用量账本/订阅/发票/审计）。
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- **Redis**：缓存（会话、API Key 缓存）、限流计数、队列（Streams）与进度推送（PubSub 可选）。
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### 1.2 设计原则
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- **用量可追溯**：以 `usage_events`（明细账本）作为最终真相，可对账/可追责。
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- **幂等可落地**：`idempotency_keys` 保障重试不重复扣费/不重复建任务。
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- **多租户可扩展**：后续可加 team/org，不影响现有表的主键与关系。
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- **安全默认**：不存明文 API Key；审计日志不写入敏感明文。
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---
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## 2. PostgreSQL 扩展与类型
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### 2.1 UUID 生成
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本设计默认使用 `gen_random_uuid()`，需要启用 `pgcrypto`：
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```sql
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CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pgcrypto;
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```
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> 注意：如果改用 `uuid-ossp`，则应统一改为 `uuid_generate_v4()`，避免文档与实现不一致。
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### 2.2 枚举类型（建议）
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```sql
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CREATE TYPE user_role AS ENUM ('user', 'admin');
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CREATE TYPE task_status AS ENUM ('pending', 'processing', 'completed', 'failed', 'cancelled');
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CREATE TYPE file_status AS ENUM ('pending', 'processing', 'completed', 'failed');
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CREATE TYPE compression_level AS ENUM ('high', 'medium', 'low');
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CREATE TYPE task_source AS ENUM ('web', 'api');
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CREATE TYPE subscription_status AS ENUM ('trialing', 'active', 'past_due', 'paused', 'canceled', 'incomplete');
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CREATE TYPE invoice_status AS ENUM ('draft', 'open', 'paid', 'void', 'uncollectible');
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CREATE TYPE payment_status AS ENUM ('pending', 'succeeded', 'failed', 'refunded');
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```
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---
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## 3. ER 图（核心关系）
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```
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┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐
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│ plans │◄───────│ subscriptions│
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└──────┬───────┘ └──────┬───────┘
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│ │
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│ ▼
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│ ┌──────────────┐
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│ │ invoices │◄────┐
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│ └──────┬───────┘ │
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│ │ │
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│ ▼ │
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│ ┌──────────────┐ │
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│ │ payments │ │
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│ └──────────────┘ │
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│ │
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▼ │
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┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ │
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│ users │──────►│ api_keys │ │
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└──────┬───────┘ └──────────────┘ │
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│ │
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▼ │
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┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ │
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│ tasks │──────►│ task_files │ │
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└──────┬───────┘ └──────┬───────┘ │
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│ │ │
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▼ ▼ │
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┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ │
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│ usage_events │◄──────│ idempotency │ │
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└──────┬───────┘ └──────────────┘ │
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│ │
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▼ │
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┌──────────────┐ │
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│ usage_periods│ │
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└──────────────┘ │
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│
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┌───────────────────────────────▼┐
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│ webhook_events │
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└────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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---
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## 4. 表结构（建议）
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> 以下 SQL 用于“设计说明”；真正落地时建议拆分迁移文件（core/billing/metering）。
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### 4.1 users - 用户
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE users (
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id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
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email VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
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username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
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password_hash VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
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role user_role NOT NULL DEFAULT 'user',
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is_active BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT true,
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-- 邮箱验证
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email_verified_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
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-- 计费侧映射（可选，取决于支付渠道）
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billing_customer_id VARCHAR(200),
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-- 覆盖限制（运营用；NULL 表示用套餐默认）
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rate_limit_override INTEGER,
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storage_limit_mb INTEGER,
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created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
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updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
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);
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CREATE INDEX idx_users_role ON users(role);
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CREATE INDEX idx_users_created_at ON users(created_at);
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CREATE INDEX idx_users_email_verified ON users(email_verified_at) WHERE email_verified_at IS NULL;
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```
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### 4.2 api_keys - API Key
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE api_keys (
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id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
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user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
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key_prefix VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, -- 展示/索引用（如 "if_live_abcd"）
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key_hash VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, -- 推荐：HMAC-SHA256(full_key, API_KEY_PEPPER)
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permissions JSONB NOT NULL DEFAULT '["compress"]',
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rate_limit INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 100,
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is_active BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT true,
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last_used_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
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last_used_ip INET,
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created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
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);
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CREATE INDEX idx_api_keys_user_id ON api_keys(user_id);
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CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_api_keys_prefix ON api_keys(key_prefix);
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CREATE INDEX idx_api_keys_is_active ON api_keys(is_active);
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```
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### 4.3 email_verifications - 邮箱验证
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE email_verifications (
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id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
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user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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token_hash VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL, -- SHA256(token)，不存明文
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expires_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL,
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verified_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
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created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
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);
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CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_email_verifications_token ON email_verifications(token_hash);
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CREATE INDEX idx_email_verifications_user_id ON email_verifications(user_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_email_verifications_expires ON email_verifications(expires_at) WHERE verified_at IS NULL;
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```
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### 4.4 password_resets - 密码重置
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE password_resets (
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id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
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user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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token_hash VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL, -- SHA256(token)，不存明文
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expires_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL,
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used_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
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created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
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);
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CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_password_resets_token ON password_resets(token_hash);
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CREATE INDEX idx_password_resets_user_id ON password_resets(user_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_password_resets_expires ON password_resets(expires_at) WHERE used_at IS NULL;
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```
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### 4.5 plans - 套餐
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE plans (
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id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
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code VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE, -- 展示/运营用（如 "free", "pro_monthly"）
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name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
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description TEXT,
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-- Stripe 映射（对接 Checkout 时使用）
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stripe_product_id VARCHAR(200),
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stripe_price_id VARCHAR(200),
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currency VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'CNY',
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amount_cents INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
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interval VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'monthly', -- 可后续改 ENUM
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included_units_per_period INTEGER NOT NULL,
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max_file_size_mb INTEGER NOT NULL,
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max_files_per_batch INTEGER NOT NULL,
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concurrency_limit INTEGER NOT NULL,
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retention_days INTEGER NOT NULL,
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features JSONB NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}'::jsonb,
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is_active BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT true,
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created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
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updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
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);
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CREATE INDEX idx_plans_is_active ON plans(is_active);
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```
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### 4.4 subscriptions - 订阅
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE subscriptions (
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id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
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user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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plan_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES plans(id),
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status subscription_status NOT NULL DEFAULT 'incomplete',
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current_period_start TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL,
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current_period_end TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL,
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cancel_at_period_end BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
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canceled_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
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provider VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'none', -- none/stripe
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provider_customer_id VARCHAR(200),
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provider_subscription_id VARCHAR(200),
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created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
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updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
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);
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CREATE INDEX idx_subscriptions_user_id ON subscriptions(user_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_subscriptions_status ON subscriptions(status);
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```
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### 4.5 invoices - 发票/账单
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE invoices (
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id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
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user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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subscription_id UUID REFERENCES subscriptions(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
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invoice_number VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
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status invoice_status NOT NULL DEFAULT 'open',
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currency VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'CNY',
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total_amount_cents INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
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period_start TIMESTAMPTZ,
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period_end TIMESTAMPTZ,
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provider VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'none',
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provider_invoice_id VARCHAR(200),
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hosted_invoice_url TEXT,
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pdf_url TEXT,
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due_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
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paid_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
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created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
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);
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CREATE INDEX idx_invoices_user_id ON invoices(user_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_invoices_status ON invoices(status);
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```
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### 4.6 payments - 支付记录
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE payments (
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id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
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user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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invoice_id UUID REFERENCES invoices(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
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provider VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'none',
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provider_payment_id VARCHAR(200),
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status payment_status NOT NULL DEFAULT 'pending',
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currency VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'CNY',
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amount_cents INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
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paid_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
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created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
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);
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CREATE INDEX idx_payments_user_id ON payments(user_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_payments_status ON payments(status);
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```
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### 4.7 webhook_events - Webhook 事件（支付回调）
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE webhook_events (
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id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
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provider VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
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provider_event_id VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
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event_type VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL,
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payload JSONB NOT NULL,
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received_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
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processed_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
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status VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'received', -- received/processed/failed
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error_message TEXT
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);
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CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_webhook_events_unique ON webhook_events(provider, provider_event_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_webhook_events_status ON webhook_events(status);
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```
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### 4.8 tasks - 压缩任务
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE tasks (
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id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
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user_id UUID REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE SET NULL, -- 游客为空
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session_id VARCHAR(100), -- 游客会话
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api_key_id UUID REFERENCES api_keys(id) ON DELETE SET NULL, -- API 调用可记录
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source task_source NOT NULL DEFAULT 'web',
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status task_status NOT NULL DEFAULT 'pending',
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compression_level compression_level NOT NULL DEFAULT 'medium',
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output_format VARCHAR(10), -- NULL 表示保持原格式
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max_width INTEGER,
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max_height INTEGER,
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preserve_metadata BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false,
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total_files INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
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completed_files INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
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failed_files INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
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total_original_size BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
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total_compressed_size BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
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error_message TEXT,
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created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
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started_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
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completed_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
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-- 到期清理：匿名可默认 24h；登录用户应由应用按套餐写入更长 retention
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expires_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT (NOW() + INTERVAL '24 hours')
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);
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CREATE INDEX idx_tasks_user_id ON tasks(user_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_tasks_session_id ON tasks(session_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_tasks_status ON tasks(status);
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CREATE INDEX idx_tasks_created_at ON tasks(created_at);
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CREATE INDEX idx_tasks_expires_at ON tasks(expires_at);
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```
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### 4.9 task_files - 任务文件
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE task_files (
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id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
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task_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES tasks(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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original_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
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original_format VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
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output_format VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
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original_size BIGINT NOT NULL,
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compressed_size BIGINT,
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saved_percent DECIMAL(6, 2),
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storage_path VARCHAR(500), -- S3 key 或本地路径
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status file_status NOT NULL DEFAULT 'pending',
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error_message TEXT,
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created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
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completed_at TIMESTAMPTZ
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);
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CREATE INDEX idx_task_files_task_id ON task_files(task_id);
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CREATE INDEX idx_task_files_status ON task_files(status);
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```
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### 4.10 idempotency_keys - 幂等记录
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE idempotency_keys (
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id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
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user_id UUID REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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api_key_id UUID REFERENCES api_keys(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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idempotency_key VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
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request_hash VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
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response_status INTEGER NOT NULL,
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response_body JSONB, -- JSON 接口可存；二进制接口建议存“元信息 + 对象指针”
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created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
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expires_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL
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);
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CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_idempotency_user_key ON idempotency_keys(user_id, idempotency_key) WHERE user_id IS NOT NULL;
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CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_idempotency_api_key_key ON idempotency_keys(api_key_id, idempotency_key) WHERE api_key_id IS NOT NULL;
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CREATE INDEX idx_idempotency_expires_at ON idempotency_keys(expires_at);
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```
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### 4.11 usage_events - 用量账本（明细）
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE usage_events (
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id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
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user_id UUID REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
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api_key_id UUID REFERENCES api_keys(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
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source task_source NOT NULL,
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task_id UUID REFERENCES tasks(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
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task_file_id UUID REFERENCES task_files(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
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units INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
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bytes_in BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
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bytes_out BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
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format_in VARCHAR(10),
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format_out VARCHAR(10),
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occurred_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
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);
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CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_usage_events_task_file_unique ON usage_events(task_file_id) WHERE task_file_id IS NOT NULL;
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CREATE INDEX idx_usage_events_user_time ON usage_events(user_id, occurred_at);
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CREATE INDEX idx_usage_events_api_key_time ON usage_events(api_key_id, occurred_at);
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```
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### 4.12 usage_periods - 用量聚合（按订阅周期）
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```sql
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CREATE TABLE usage_periods (
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id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
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user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
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subscription_id UUID REFERENCES subscriptions(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
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period_start TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL,
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period_end TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL,
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|
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used_units INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
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bytes_in BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
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bytes_out BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
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created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
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updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
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UNIQUE(user_id, period_start, period_end)
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);
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CREATE INDEX idx_usage_periods_user_period ON usage_periods(user_id, period_start);
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```
|
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### 4.13 system_config - 系统配置
|
||
```sql
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CREATE TABLE system_config (
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key VARCHAR(100) PRIMARY KEY,
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value JSONB NOT NULL,
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||
description TEXT,
|
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updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
|
||
updated_by UUID REFERENCES users(id)
|
||
);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 4.14 audit_logs - 审计日志
|
||
```sql
|
||
CREATE TABLE audit_logs (
|
||
id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
|
||
user_id UUID REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
|
||
action VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, -- login/compress/config_change/billing/...
|
||
resource_type VARCHAR(50),
|
||
resource_id UUID,
|
||
details JSONB,
|
||
ip_address INET,
|
||
user_agent TEXT,
|
||
created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
|
||
);
|
||
|
||
CREATE INDEX idx_audit_logs_user_id ON audit_logs(user_id);
|
||
CREATE INDEX idx_audit_logs_action ON audit_logs(action);
|
||
CREATE INDEX idx_audit_logs_created_at ON audit_logs(created_at);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 5. Redis 数据结构（建议）
|
||
|
||
### 5.1 会话（匿名/网站）
|
||
```
|
||
Key: session:{session_id}
|
||
Value: JSON { user_id, role, created_at, expires_at }
|
||
TTL: 7 days
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 5.2 限流计数
|
||
```
|
||
Key: rate_limit:{scope}:{id}:{minute}
|
||
Value: request_count
|
||
TTL: 60 seconds
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 5.2.1 匿名试用每日额度（硬限制）
|
||
```
|
||
Key: anon_quota:{session_id}:{yyyy-mm-dd}
|
||
Value: used_units
|
||
TTL: 48 hours
|
||
|
||
# yyyy-mm-dd：自然日（UTC+8），次日 00:00 重置
|
||
|
||
# 必须：叠加 IP 维度，降低刷 session 的风险（两者任一超出都拒绝）
|
||
Key: anon_quota_ip:{ip}:{yyyy-mm-dd}
|
||
Value: used_units
|
||
TTL: 48 hours
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 5.3 队列（Redis Streams）
|
||
```
|
||
Stream: stream:compress_jobs
|
||
Group: compress_workers
|
||
Message fields: { task_id, priority, created_at }
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 5.4 任务进度（可选）
|
||
```
|
||
PubSub: pubsub:task:{task_id}
|
||
Message: JSON { progress, completed_files, current_file }
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 5.5 API Key 缓存（可选）
|
||
```
|
||
Key: api_key:{key_prefix}
|
||
Value: JSON { api_key_id, user_id, permissions, rate_limit, ... }
|
||
TTL: 5 minutes
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 6. 数据清理策略（必须）
|
||
|
||
- **过期任务**：按 `tasks.expires_at` 清理任务/文件/对象存储。
|
||
- **幂等记录**：按 `idempotency_keys.expires_at` 清理。
|
||
- **邮箱验证 Token**：按 `email_verifications.expires_at` 清理已过期且未验证的记录。
|
||
- **密码重置 Token**：按 `password_resets.expires_at` 清理已过期或已使用的记录。
|
||
- **Webhook 事件**：保留 30~90 天（便于排查），过期清理或归档。
|
||
- **用量账本**：`usage_events` 建议长期保留（对账），必要时做分区（按月/按季度）。
|
||
|
||
示例：
|
||
```sql
|
||
-- 清理过期任务
|
||
DELETE FROM tasks WHERE expires_at < NOW();
|
||
|
||
-- 清理幂等记录
|
||
DELETE FROM idempotency_keys WHERE expires_at < NOW();
|
||
|
||
-- 清理邮箱验证 Token（保留已验证的，清理过期未验证的）
|
||
DELETE FROM email_verifications WHERE expires_at < NOW() AND verified_at IS NULL;
|
||
|
||
-- 清理密码重置 Token（保留 7 天内的记录用于审计）
|
||
DELETE FROM password_resets WHERE expires_at < NOW() - INTERVAL '7 days';
|
||
|
||
-- 清理 Webhook 事件
|
||
DELETE FROM webhook_events WHERE received_at < NOW() - INTERVAL '90 days';
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 7. 初始化数据（建议）
|
||
|
||
### 7.1 默认套餐
|
||
```sql
|
||
INSERT INTO plans (code, name, stripe_price_id, currency, amount_cents, interval, included_units_per_period, max_file_size_mb, max_files_per_batch, concurrency_limit, retention_days, features)
|
||
VALUES
|
||
('free', 'Free', NULL, 'CNY', 0, 'monthly', 500, 5, 10, 2, 1, '{"api": false, "webhook": false}'),
|
||
('pro_monthly', 'Pro（月付）', 'price_xxx_pro_monthly', 'CNY', 1999, 'monthly', 10000, 20, 50, 8, 7, '{"api": true, "webhook": true}'),
|
||
('business_monthly', 'Business（月付）', 'price_xxx_business_monthly', 'CNY', 9999, 'monthly', 100000, 50, 200, 32, 30, '{"api": true, "webhook": true, "ip_allowlist": true}');
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 7.2 默认系统配置
|
||
```sql
|
||
INSERT INTO system_config (key, value, description) VALUES
|
||
('features', '{"registration_enabled": true, "api_key_enabled": true, "anonymous_upload_enabled": true, "email_verification_required": true}', '功能开关'),
|
||
('rate_limits', '{"anonymous_per_minute": 10, "anonymous_units_per_day": 10, "user_per_minute": 60, "api_key_per_minute": 100}', '速率限制默认值'),
|
||
('file_limits', '{"max_image_pixels": 40000000}', '图片安全限制（像素上限等）'),
|
||
('mail', '{"enabled": true, "provider": "custom", "from": "noreply@example.com", "from_name": "ImageForge"}', '邮件服务配置（密码加密存储）');
|
||
```
|