diff --git a/backend/database.js b/backend/database.js
index 4bf88dc..1fdd5c3 100644
--- a/backend/database.js
+++ b/backend/database.js
@@ -1,10 +1,30 @@
+// 加载环境变量（确保在 server.js 之前也能读取）
+require('dotenv').config();
+
 const Database = require('better-sqlite3');
 const bcrypt = require('bcryptjs');
 const path = require('path');
+const fs = require('fs');
 const crypto = require('crypto');
 
+// 数据库路径配置
+// 优先使用环境变量 DATABASE_PATH，默认为 ./data/database.db
+const DEFAULT_DB_PATH = path.join(__dirname, 'data', 'database.db');
+const dbPath = process.env.DATABASE_PATH
+  ? path.resolve(__dirname, process.env.DATABASE_PATH)
+  : DEFAULT_DB_PATH;
+
+// 确保数据库目录存在
+const dbDir = path.dirname(dbPath);
+if (!fs.existsSync(dbDir)) {
+  fs.mkdirSync(dbDir, { recursive: true });
+  console.log(`[数据库] 创建目录: ${dbDir}`);
+}
+
+console.log(`[数据库] 路径: ${dbPath}`);
+
 // 创建或连接数据库
-const db = new Database(path.join(__dirname, 'ftp-manager.db'));
+const db = new Database(dbPath);
 
 // 启用外键约束
 db.pragma('foreign_keys = ON');