diff --git a/backend/.dockerignore b/backend/.dockerignore
index 135f8a3..fb9821c 100644
--- a/backend/.dockerignore
+++ b/backend/.dockerignore
@@ -1,46 +1,12 @@
-# 依赖目录
-node_modules
-
-# 数据目录
-data/
-storage/
-
-# 环境配置
-.env
-.env.local
-.env.*.local
-
-# 日志
-*.log
-npm-debug.log*
-
-# 编辑器
-.idea/
-.vscode/
-*.swp
-*.swo
-*~
-
-# 操作系统
-.DS_Store
-Thumbs.db
-
-# 测试和开发文件
-*.test.js
-*.spec.js
-test/
-tests/
-coverage/
-
-# 文档
-*.md
-!README.md
-
-# Git
 .git
-.gitignore
-
-# 临时文件
-*.tmp
-*.temp
-.cache/
+node_modules
+npm-debug.log*
+.env
+.env.*
+data/*
+!data/.gitkeep
+storage/*
+!storage/.gitkeep
+tests
+test_*.js
+*.bat
diff --git a/backend/tests/architecture-tests.js b/backend/tests/architecture-tests.js
index 5c82fca..03c488b 100644
--- a/backend/tests/architecture-tests.js
+++ b/backend/tests/architecture-tests.js
@@ -86,6 +86,13 @@ test('生产部署统一使用 Vite dist 且不会删除 lock 文件', () => {
   assert.ok(nginxConfig.includes('alias /runtime/downloads/;'));
 });
 
+test('Docker 构建上下文排除依赖、环境配置和运行时数据', () => {
+  const dockerIgnore = fs.readFileSync(path.join(projectRoot, 'backend', '.dockerignore'), 'utf8');
+  for (const requiredEntry of ['node_modules', '.env', 'data/*', 'storage/*']) {
+    assert.ok(dockerIgnore.split(/\r?\n/).includes(requiredEntry), requiredEntry);
+  }
+});
+
 test('install.sh 生成的 Nginx server 块花括号平衡', () => {
   const installer = fs.readFileSync(path.join(projectRoot, 'install.sh'), 'utf8');
   const templates = [...installer.matchAll(/cat > .*?<< EOF\r?\n([\s\S]*?)\r?\nEOF/g)]